Hans Morgenthau quotes

Hans Morgenthau was a German-American political scientist, renowned as one of the founding figures of classical realism in international relations. His works, particularly "Politics Among Nations," profoundly influenced the study of power and foreign policy. He emphasized the importance of national interest and the limits of moral principles in global politics. Here are 16 of his quotes:

When we speak of power, we mean man's control over the minds and actions of other men. By political power we refer to the mutual relations of control among the holders of public authority and between the latter and the people at large.

Hans Morgenthau

Influence can persuade, but power can compel.

Hans Morgenthau

The struggle for power is universal in time and space and is an undeniable fact of experience. It cannot be denied that throughout historic time, regardless of social, economic and political conditions, states have met each other in contests for power. Even though anthropologists have shown that certain primitive peoples seem to be free from the desire for power, nobody has yet shown how their state of mind can be re-created on a worldwide scale so as to eliminate the struggle for power from the international scene. ... International politics, like all politics, is a struggle for power. Whatever the ultimate aims of international politics, power is always the immediate aim.

Hans Morgenthau

We must distinguish between military and political power. Political power is a psychological relation between those who exercise it and those over whom it is exercised. It gives the former control over certain actions of the latter through the influence which the former exert over the latter's minds. That influence may be exerted through orders, threats, persuasion, or a combination of any of these.

Hans Morgenthau

When we speak of power, we mean man's control over the minds and actions of other men.

Hans Morgenthau

Political realism is aware of the moral significance of political action. It is also aware of the ineluctable tension between the moral command and the requirements of successful political action. And it is unwilling to gloss over and obliterate that tension and thus to obfuscate both the moral and the political issue by making it appear as though the stark facts of politics were morally more satisfying than they actually are, and the moral law less exacting than it actually is.

Hans Morgenthau

Political realism is aware of the moral significance of political action. It is also aware of the ineluctable tension between the moral command and the requirements of successful political action.

Hans Morgenthau

Political power is a psychological relation between those who exercise it and those over whom it is exercised.

Hans Morgenthau

Realism maintains that universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actions of states in their abstract universal formulation, but that they must be filtered through the concrete circumstances of time and place.

Hans Morgenthau

Even though anthropologists have shown that certain primitive peoples seem to be free from the desire for power, nobody has yet shown how their state of mind can be re-created on a worldwide scale so as to eliminate the struggle for power from the international scene. ... International politics, like all politics, is a struggle for power.

Hans Morgenthau

Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe.

Hans Morgenthau

All nations are tempted - and few have been able to resist the power for long - to clothe their own aspirations and action in the moral purposes of the universe.

Hans Morgenthau

The struggle for power is universal in time and space and is an undeniable fact of experience.

Hans Morgenthau

Realism maintains that universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actions of states in their abstract universal formulation, but that they must be filtered through the concrete circumstances of time and place. The individual may say for himself: "Fiat justitia, pereat mundus (Let justice be done, even if the world perish)," but the state has no right to say so in the name of those who are in its care. Both individual and state must judge political action by universal moral principles, such as that of liberty. Yet while the individual has a moral right to sacrifice himself in defense of such a moral principle, the state has no right to let its moral disapprobation of the infringement of liberty get in the way of successful political action, itself inspired by the moral principle of national survival.

Hans Morgenthau