People marvel at ... things only because they rarely happen; but the causes for these are as apparent as for others ... For example, at night a fearful man who sees a wolf in the fields, or a cat in his room, will immediately assert and judge that it is an enemy or a devil ... because he fixes his imagination on these and fears them. And a person devout and rapt [in ecstasy] will judge that it is an angel ... A vigorous imagining of a retained species, then, together with a small external appearance or with an imbalance of some internal disposition ... produces marvelous appearances in healthy as well as in sick people. (Nicole Oresme)

People marvel at ... things only because they rarely happen; but the causes for these are as apparent as for others ... For example, at night a fearful man who sees a wolf in the fields, or a cat in his room, will immediately assert and judge that it is an enemy or a devil ... because he fixes his imagination on these and fears them. And a person devout and rapt [in ecstasy] will judge that it is an angel ... A vigorous imagining of a retained species, then, together with a small external appearance or with an imbalance of some internal disposition ... produces marvelous appearances in healthy as well as in sick people.

Nicole Oresme

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angel appearance cat devil ecstasy enemy example imagining judge man marvelous night person rapt room sick small well wolf others imbalance things Fields

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